Understanding Zakat al-Fitr: Definition, Purpose, and Scriptural Basis

 

Linguistic Definition

Zakat al-Fitr consists of two words: zakat and fitr. Linguistically, zakat comes from the Arabic word zakaat, which means growth, purification, and blessing.

The word fitr also originates from the Arabic word fitrah, which means purity. Therefore, from a linguistic perspective, zakat al-fitr can be interpreted as a form of purification and growth.

Terminological Definition

In Islamic terminology, zakat al-fitr refers to the giving of a portion of wealth in the form of staple food, which is distributed to those entitled to receive it, under certain conditions. Zakat al-fitr is also called zakat of the soul (zakat al-nafs) because it serves the special purpose of purifying a Muslim's soul after completing the obligatory fasting during the month of Ramadan each year.

B. BASIS / SCRIPTURAL EVIDENCE FOR ZAKAT AL-FITR

The basis or evidence for zakat al-fitr is derived from revealed texts, namely the Qur’an and Hadith. The following are some of the scriptural references regarding zakat al-fitr:

Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 277:

Translation:

"Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakat will have their reward with their Lord. There will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve."

(Qur’an, Al-Baqarah 2:277)

Hadith – Narrated by Muslim: 1635

Translation:

From Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made zakat al-fitr obligatory in the month of Ramadan for every Muslim, free or enslaved, male or female, in the amount of one sa' (approximately 3.1 liters) of dates or wheat.

(Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)